Protective effect of butylated hydroxylanisole against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds: 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. We examined the effect of BHA against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by H₂O₂ in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, H₂O₂ treatment increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and promoted PARP-1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with BHA before exposure to H₂O₂ significantly attenuated the H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability. H₂O₂ exposure resulted in an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with BHA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by pretreatment with BHA and NAC. Furthermore, H₂O₂-induced increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and PARP-1 cleavage was also inhibited by BHA. Taken together, results of this investigation demonstrated that BHA protects primary cultured mouse hepatocytes against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation.     

富硒女贞子粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

从富硒女贞子及女贞子中提取粗多糖,探讨其对小鼠免疫功能的影响。将90只小鼠随机均分为3组:对照组、富硒女贞子粗多糖组、普通女贞子粗多糖组。对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组小鼠灌服粗多糖液,灌服2次,每次连续5 d。2次灌胃的第3天注射卵清蛋白,二免后测定胸腺脾脏指数;MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖水平;ELISA试剂盒检测血清中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平及相应抗体生成水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组脾脏和胸腺指数明显升高,脾淋巴细胞增殖作用显著提高;IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平明显提高,其中IFN-γ与对照组存在显著差异;而对特异性卵清抗体生成影响不大。这表明富硒女贞子粗多糖较普通女贞子粗多糖能更好地促进机体非特异性免疫及细胞免疫,从而增强机体免疫功能,在特异性体液免疫的作用方面则没有表现出明显的规律性,还需进一步研究。     

延边黄牛SREBP1和SCD1基因表达的发育性变化及与肌间脂肪含量的关联分析

文章旨在研究延边黄牛不同生长阶段固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(Sterol regulatory ele-ment binding factor 1,SREBP1)和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(Stearoyl Co A desaturease 1,SCD1)基因表达的发育性变化与IMF含量的相关性以及这两个基因表达水平的关联性。试验选取12月龄的延边黄牛公牛(去势)8头,利用微量微创活体采样枪(韩国忠北大学提供),分别在12月龄,16月龄,20月龄,采集肌肉组织(臀肌);利用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析SREBP1和SCD1基因在延边黄牛不同生长阶段肌肉组织中的m RNA发育性变化。结果表明:1延边黄牛SREBP1基因相对表达水平在12、16、20月龄具有极其显著差异(P0.01),其中20月龄时SREBP1基因表达量相对最高;SCD1基因相对表达水平在12、16、20月龄具有显著差异(P0.05),其中20月龄时SCD1基因表达量相对最高。2肌肉组织中SREBP1基因的表达量在12~20月龄期间与IMF含量具有正向相关性,相关系数为0.910(P0.05);SCD1基因的表达量在12~20月龄期间与IMF含量具有正向相关性,相关系数为0.934(P0.05)。结果表明,SREBP1和SCD1基因在延边黄牛不同生长阶段存在显著或极显著差异,SREBP1和SCD1基因的协同表达对延边黄牛不同生长阶段肌内脂肪的沉积有一定的正向调控作用。     

Ecotourist trail-use affects the taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic diversity of mammals in a protected area: lessons for conservation management

Ecotourism, by definition, aims to engage peoples’ interest in wildlife and the environment. The use of tourist roads and trails to access sites within protected areas (PAs) can detrimentally affect the behavior and distribution of species. The way mammals respond to anthropogenic pressures may differ across taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic groups; nevertheless, how ecotourist trail-use affects these different diversity remains under-investigated. Here, we assessed 6 metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity for a mammal community in a PA in central China, recording how Trail use (using Trail type as a proxy) and habitat variables affected sightings and signs of mammals across 60 replicate 0.5 km transects. We then examined how Trail use affected the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices of species (>1 kg). Using generalized liner mixed modeling, we identified that more used trail types had a greater adverse effect on all diversity richness indices than did less used trail types. Consequently, tourist pressure was associated with a general tendency to homogenize the site's mammal community. In contrast, the effects of Trail Types on all diversity evenness indices were non-significant. Furthermore, more developed and more heavily used trail types had a greater, significant negative effect on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic richness, whereas these richness indices were unaffected by minor trail types, used less intensively. As a general principle, lower biodiversity indices reduce ecosystem resilience, and so it is vital to better understand these responses to balance public access against biodiversity management in PAs.     

生物炭施加打结垄沟集雨对土壤水分动态和紫花苜蓿生长特征的影响

【目的】探究生物炭施加垄沟集雨种植模式对土壤水分时空动态和紫花苜蓿生长特征的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,主区模式为施加生物炭和不施加,副区耕作措施为打结垄、开敞垄和平作,探究不同生物炭施加模式和不同垄沟集雨耕作措施的影响效应。【结果】施加生物炭明显提高了土壤总贮水量和空间水分含量,促进紫花苜蓿生长、提高紫花苜蓿产量和品质;打结垄显著增加土壤贮水量,促进紫花苜蓿生长,提高产量。与不施加生物炭相比较,施加生物炭的 0~200 cm 土层土壤贮水量、 平均土壤含水量、干草产量、株高、分枝数、根颈粗、粗蛋白含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和中性洗涤纤维含量分别增加 39. 38 mm、15. 46%、95 kg/hm² 、25. 19%、5. 80%、29. 24%、9. 3%、12. 3% 和 3. 4%。与平作相比,打结垄的 0~200 cm 土层平均土壤贮水量、平均紫花苜蓿干草产量、平均株高、分枝数和根颈粗、平均粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量分别增加 69. 09 mm、332 kg/hm² 、24. 0%、21. 0%、 14. 2%、17. 7%、7. 7% 和 4. 0%;开敞垄的分别增加 26. 16 mm、267 kg/hm² 、16. 8%、10. 2%、10. 1%、 14. 2%、7. 3% 和 3. 4%。【结论】生物炭施加坡地打结垄沟集雨模式是雨养农业区紫花苜蓿种植的有效模式,也是雨养农业可持续种植饲草作物的推荐模式,该模式为我国西北黄土高原地区栽培饲草作物提供科学指导和理论依据。     

单细胞转录组测序技术及其在肌内脂肪细胞研究中的应用

单细胞转录组测序(single-cell RNA sequencing,scRNA-seq)技术在单细胞水平对转录组进行测序,可从表达量、细胞量及细胞组成等多种角度描述样本,主要包括单细胞分离、mRNA反转录、文库构建、转录组测序和数据分析等步骤。单细胞分离是scRNA-seq技术操作的第一步,常用的细胞分离方法有连续稀释法、显微操作法、荧光激活流式细胞术、激光捕获显微切割术和微流控技术。基于不同细胞捕获、cDNA扩增和文库构建开发了许多scRNA-seq方法,如CEL-seq2、Drop-seq、MARS-seq、SCRB-seq、Smart-seq、Smart-seq2等。与传统测序方法相比,scRNA-seq可识别单个细胞的基因表达信息、记录细胞的空间位置、跟踪不同细胞谱系在分化过程中的轨迹,这为研究难以大量提取的肌内脂肪细胞分子特异性和发生分化过程带来极大便利。作者简要介绍了scRNA-seq技术的关键步骤,比较分析了单细胞分离和转录组测序方法的优缺点,综述了肌内脂肪细胞的起源以及scRNA-seq在肌内脂肪细胞的亚群和标记基因鉴定以及细胞分化轨迹追踪中的应用,以期为肌内脂肪细胞的深入研究提供参考依据。     

High-resolution fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a pituitary microtumor in a dog

A 16-year-old, castrated, male English cocker spaniel dog was presented due to generalized alopecia. Routine clinical pathology, endocrine and abdominal ultrasonography results were consistent with a diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The adenohypophyseal lesion was clearly visualized on both 3 T and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland. Although biochemical and MRI findings were consistent with a functional pituitary microtumor, a pituitary lesion was not detected using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). This report firstly describes the application of high-resolution FDG-PET to a spontaneous pituitary microtumor in a dog.     

不同类型竹地板物理力学性能对比分析

对同一厂家生产的8种不同类型竹地板的物理力学性能进行了对比分析。结果表明：本色平压竹地板的物理力学性能最好;本色竹地板的物理力学性能优于炭化竹地板;平压竹地板的物理力学性能优于侧压竹地板、重竹地板及3 mm重竹贴面竹木复合地板;重竹地板密度最大,吸水率最低,在提高竹材利用率的同时,仍具有优良的物理力学性能,3 mm重竹贴面竹木复合地板可以有效降低重竹地板密度;重竹地板和3 mm重竹贴面竹木复合地板尺寸稳定性较差,炭化侧压竹地板更易使用受环境温湿度的影响。